Figure 9.

The alkaline phosphatase activity assay and alkaline phosphatase staining.

Notes: (A) Relative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the human marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) after culturing for 7, 10, and 14 days. The ALP activity was normalized by the total protein amounts. *Denotes a significant difference compared to flat titanium (P<0.01), ^#denotes a significant difference compared to NT160 and NT200 (P<0.01), **denotes a significant difference compared to NT200 (P<0.05), ^##denotes a significant difference compared to NT-G200 (P<0.01), ^$denotes a significant difference compared to NT-G160 and NT-G200 (P<0.01), ^$$denotes a significant difference compared to NT-120 (P<0.01), and ***denotes a significant difference compared to NT-G120 (P<0.01). The data are representative of the results from three independent experiments and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. (B) Representative images of ALP staining on (1) flat titanium, (2) NT80, (3) NT120, (4) NT160, (5) NT200, (6) NT-G80, (7) NT-G120, (8) NT-G160, and (9) NT-G200 after (a) 7 and (b) 14 days of culturing.

Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-G, gentamicin-loaded nanotubes; FlatTi, flat titanium.