Effects of SDF-1 on the migration of human MeSPCs (hMeSPCs). (A): Migration assay of hMeSPCs in vitro using a Transwell system. (B): Expression of SDF-1 after meniscectomy. (C): Gross morphology (left panels) and Cold electric coupling device analysis (bottom right panels) of meniscal regeneration at 4 weeks postimplantation in the MeSPC-treated group and AMD3100 + MeSPC (hMeSPCs pretreated with AMD3100)-treated group suggests that migration of hMeSPCs is mediated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine axis. hMeSPCs were labeled with DiI and CFDA before injection and traced in vivo (top right panels). Injected hMeSPCs adhered to the injured meniscus at 3 weeks after injection, whereas the adhesion of hMeSPCs was almost inhibited in the AMD3100-pretreated group (bottom panels). Black arrows show the anterior half of medial meniscus. Scale bars = 50 µm (A, C). ∗, p < .05 versus control group. Abbreviations: CFDA, 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate; DiI, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; HPF, high power field; MeSPCs, meniscus-derived stem/progenitor cells; N, number; SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1α; W, weeks.