Table 2. Results of virus neutralization tests performed to determine if the anti-flavivirus antibodies found in the egg extracts or chick sera were specific to West Nile (WNV), Usutu (USUV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), or Meaban viruses.
Country | Sample | Colony | Year | ELISA (N) | WNV (N) | USUV (N) | TBEV (N) | Meaban virus (N) |
France | Egg extracts | Corrège | 2009 | 1(32) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) |
2010 | 1 (32) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | - | |||
Villeneuve | 2009 | 1 (32) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
Spain | Egg extracts | L'Escala | 2010 | 4 (6) | 0 (2) | 0 (2) | 0 (2) | 2 (2) |
Medes | 2009 | 14 (38) | 0 (14) | 0 (2) | 0 (2) | 14 (14) | ||
2010 | 24 (49) | 0 (22) | 0 (3) | 0 (4) | 22 (22) | |||
2011 | 33 (49) | 0 (33) | 0 (3) | 1* (3) | 33 (33) | |||
2012 | 34 (51) | 0 (34) | - | - | 34 (34) | |||
Chick sera | Medes | 2009 | 0 (59) | - | - | - | - | |
2010 | 3 (120) | 0 (3) | - | - | 3 (3) | |||
2011 | 0 (76) | - | - | - | - | |||
2012 | 13 (246) | 3* (13) | - | - | 13 (13) | |||
Adult sera | Medes | 2009 | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | - | - | 1 (1) | |
2012 | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | - | - | 1 (1) | |||
Algeria | Egg extracts | Jijel | 2010 | 1 (31) | 0 (1) | 0 (1) | - | 0 (1) |
The numbers indicate the number of positive samples titer values ≥20).
The sample size is indicated in parentheses. The * indicates samples in which titer values were equal to 20 for WNV or TBEV whereas they were ≥20 for Meaban virus.