Table 3. Antimicrobial resistance rates of K. pneumonia.
| Antimicrobial agent | Resistance rate a : % | Mean resistance rate b | |||||||
| study reference | [41] | [43] | [18] | SHCH | AHC | ||||
| study period | ′99–′00 | ′02 –′04 | ′07–′10 | 07–′10 | 07–′11 | ||||
| n. of isolates | 25 | 36 | 47 | 6 | 9 | n | N | % | |
| amoxicillin | 100.0 | 6 | / | 6 | 100.0 | ||||
| amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 22.2 | 21.3 | 33.3 | 66.0 | 26 | / | 98 | 26.5 | |
| imipenem | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 1 | / | 92 | 1.1 | ||
| meropenem | 0.0 | 0 | / | 6 | 0.0 | ||||
| cefalothin | 4.0 | 1 | / | 25 | 4.0 | ||||
| cefuroxime | 11.1 | 4 | / | 36 | 11.1 | ||||
| cefotaxim | 19.2 (n = 38 tested) | 100.0 | 18 | / | 56 | 32.2 | |||
| ceftriaxone | 2.8 | 66.7 | 75.0 | 12 | / | 51 | 23.1 | ||
| ceftazidime | 19.1 | 100.0 | 18 | / | 56 | 32.1 | |||
| cefepime | 23.6 | 11 | / | 47 | 23.6 | ||||
| cefpodoxime | 86.0 | 8 | / | 9 | 86.0 | ||||
| gentamicin | 0.0 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 63.0 | 15 | / | 87 | 16.9 | |
| amikacin | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 1 | / | 78 | 1.3 | ||
| chloramphenicol | 67.0 | 6 | / | 9 | 67.0 | ||||
| colistin | 0.0 | 0 | / | 9 | 0.0 | ||||
| thrimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 45.7 (n = 35 tested) | 83.3 | 63.0 | 32 | / | 62 | 51.9 | ||
| ciprofloxacin | 0.0 | 18.6 | 16.7 | 50.0 | 14 | / | 98 | 14.5 | |
Notes:
a
Number of resistant strains/total number of strains in each study, expressed as %.
[41] Methods and breakpoints: details not given.
[43] Methods: broth microdilution; (CLSI).
[18] Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoints (RSFM 2007).
SHCH: Methods: disk diffusion and Etest; breakpoints (CLSI 2012).
AHC: Methods: disk diffusion and Etests; breakpoints (CLSI 2011).
b
Sum of all resistant organisms/sum of all organisms tested.