Complex tone and large-level deviants for Experiment 1 (Tri-Condition). Grand-averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) (left column), difference waveforms (deviant-minus-standard) (middle column), and mastoid-referenced difference waveforms (right column) are displayed for the Complex deviant (dotted black line), overlain with the large-level frequency deviant (F3) (solid black line) and large-level intensity deviant (I3) (dashed black line). The ERP response evoked by the standard tones is shown with a solid gray line (left column only). ERP components (N1, MMN, and P3a) are labeled. Positive polarity is upward.