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. 2014 Mar 13;9(3):e90933. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090933

Figure 6. NOD2 is involved in bacterial clearance from the mouse middle ear.

Figure 6

(A) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis shows that NOD2-deficient middle ear epithelial cells less up-regulate mouse Defb2 in response to the NTHi molecules, compared to the wild type cells. Values are given as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). *: p<0.05. (B) Bacterial clearance analysis shows that the number of survived NTHi after intratympanic injection is higher in the NOD2-deficient mice compared to the wild type mice. It is noted that intratympanic NTHi replicates 10-fold in the NOD2/TLR2-deficient mice (NOD2−/−TL2−/−). Values are given as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 20). (C) Histological analysis shows that middle ear inflammation in response to intratympanic injected NTHi is less severe in the NOD2-deficient mice (NOD2−/−) than that in the wild type mice (WT). Arrowheads: middle ear effusion with infiltration of inflammatory cells, M: middle ear cavity, Co: cochlea. Original magnification: x50.