acRAFs do not compliment PCD activity in vivo. An E. coli tyrosine auxotroph, strain JP2255, was doubly transformed with two compatible plasmids, one plasmid containing the phenylalanine hydroxylase from T. intermedia and the second plasmid containing a putative or experimentally verified PCD. Cells were streaked in wedges on minimal media agar plates supplemented with or without tyrosine (top and bottom rows, respectively). Putative PCDs are numbered as follows: 1, P. aeruginosa PCD (NP_249562). 2, type-2 PCD from A. thaliana missing an N-terminal 46 residue chloroplast-targeting sequence (NP_199924). 3, type-2 PCD from A. thaliana missing 101 residues of N terminus. 4, T. intermedia acRAF with a 5-residue N-terminal truncation (YP_003641868). 5, H. neapolitanus acRAF (YP_003262803). 6, T. intermedia PCD (YP_003642661). 7, P. marinus acRAF (NP_874951). The prime symbol, as in 1′, indicates an empty plasmid transformed in place of a putative PCD. None of the PCDs or acRAFs were able to support tyrosine-independent growth without co-transformation with a phenylalanine hydroxylase (data not shown).