Table 1. Overall comparison of the demographics of the three independent cohorts of recurrent medulloblastoma.
| Discovery Cohort | Validation Cohort 1 | Validation Cohort 2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 30 | 77 | 96 | |
|
| ||||
| Male Gender | 20 (66.6%) | 39 (70%) | 61 (64%) | 0.76 |
|
| ||||
| Age (Median) | 5.4 (3·6-8·8) | 7 (3·9-11·6) | 7 (4-11) | 0·31 |
|
| ||||
| 0-3 | 6 (20%) | 10 (13%) | 12 (12.5%) | |
|
| ||||
| 3-16 | 24 (80%) | 53 (69%) | 81 (84%) | |
|
| ||||
| >16 | 0 | 14 (18%) | 3 (3%) | |
|
| ||||
| Histology | 0·19 | |||
|
| ||||
| LCA | 6 (20%) | 18 (30%) | 26 (27%) | |
|
| ||||
| Classic | 21 (70%) | 31 (52%) | 63 (66%) | |
|
| ||||
| Desmoplastic/MBEN | 3 (10%) | 11 (18%) | 7 (7%) | |
|
| ||||
| Metastases at Diagnosis | 8 (27%) | 19 (32%) | 44 (46%) | 0·11 |
|
| ||||
| Extent of Resection | n/a | 0·26 | ||
| Gross Total | 21 (75% | 60 (63%) | ||
| Subtotal | 7 (25%) | 36 (37%) | ||
|
| ||||
| Treatment | 0·49 | |||
| CSI+/-Chemo | 22 (80%) | 50 (71%) | 75 (78%) | |
| Chemo Only | 6 (20%) | 21a (29%) | 21 (22%) | |
|
| ||||
| Pattern of Recurrence | 0·20 | |||
|
| ||||
| Tumour Bed | 9 (30%) | 26 (34%) | 24 (25%) | |
|
| ||||
| Metastatic | 18 (60%) | 42 (54%) | 49 (51%) | |
|
| ||||
| Mixed | 3 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 23 (24%) | |
|
| ||||
| Subgroup | 0·15 | |||
|
| ||||
| WNT | 1 (3%) | 0 | 2 (2%) | |
|
| ||||
| SHH | 11 (37%) | 30 (39%) | 21 (22%) | |
|
| ||||
| Group 3 | 9 (30%) | 22 (29%) | 37 (38%) | |
|
| ||||
| Group 4 | 9 (30%) | 25 (32%) | 36 (37%) | |
|
| ||||
| Median Time to Recurrence (Months) | 18·3 (11·4-44·8) | 19·9 (10·9-32·6) | 12 (8-22) | 0·0038* |
|
| ||||
| Overall Followup Time (Months) | 32·9 (13·7-72·3) | 33·2 (170-57·8) | 30 (18-64·8) | 0·91 |
|
| ||||
| Survival | 0·38 | |||
|
| ||||
| Alive | 6 (20%) | 24 (34%) | 32 (33%) | |
|
| ||||
| Dead | 24 (80%) | 49 (66%) | 64 (67%) | |
p-values are Fisher Exact Test for categorical variables, and Kruskal Wallis for continuous variables. p-values in bold and starred denote a significant p-value of <0·05. Continuous variables reported as median (IQR).
LCA = Large Cell/Anaplastic Histology. MBEN = Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity.
CSI=Craniospinal Irradiation. Gender unavailable on 21 cases, M+ status at diagnosis unavailable in 18 cases, and Histology unavailable in 17 cases in Validation Cohort 1.
a
- Two patients in Validation Cohort 1 received radiation therapy to the posterior fossa only followed by chemotherapy