Table 1.

Energy and nitrogen balances of male rats fed a cafeteria diet compared with controls fed a standard rat chow diet.

	Units	Control: initial (n = 12)	Control: final (n = 6)	Cafeteria diet-fed: final (n = 6)	P	Control: (days 1–30)	Cafeteria diet-fed: (days 1–30)
Rat weight	g	291 ± 2A	373 ± 17B	449 ± 8C	<0.001
Rat weight change	g/30 day					83 ± 7	158 ± 7*
Energy intake	kJ/d	326 ± 6A	365 ± 6A	596 ± 11B	<0.001	350 ± 9	680 ± 6*
Body nitrogen content	g	10.4 ± 0.7A	13.0 ± 0.8AB	15.0 ± 1.2B	0.004
Body nitrogen accrual	mg/day					87 ± 8	157 ± 11*
Nitrogen intake	mg/day	478 ± 17A	481 ± 14A	652 ± 25B	<0.001	475 ± 11	813 ± 13*
Stool nitrogen#	mg/day	23 ± 2	23 ± 3	22 ± 2	NS
Urea nitrogen excreted#	mg/day	374 ± 32	441 ± 33	335 ± 35	NS
Creatinine nitrogen excreted#	μg/day	54 ± 6A	67 ± 10B	79 + 5B	0.003
NOx nitrogen excreted#	μg/day	2.7 ± 0.2A	3.3 ± 0.2AB	3.8 ± 0.4B	0.020
Nitrogen excreted not accounted (N gap)#	mg/day	21 ± 25A	24 ± 14A	99 ± 15B	<0.001

The values are the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for 6 different animals. Statistical significance of the differences between groups: P (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA): time); different superscript letters represent statistically significant differences between groups (Bonferroni posthoc test) *P < 0.05 for Student's t-test (30-day changes). ^#Data between days 0 and 27.