Table 1.

A summary of the PPARγ agonists referred to in this review and their current status with regards to clinical application.

PPARγ agonist	Clinical use	Extra information
Pioglitazone	FDA-approved for diabetes mellitus type II	Activates PPARγ to increase insulin sensitivity, also activates PPARα to alter lipid metabolism (46)
Rosiglitazone	FDA-approved for diabetes mellitus type II	Reduced use due to increased association with myocardial infarction and death compared to pioglitazone (47)
Troglitazone	Withdrawn due to severe liver complications	Had additional anti-inflammatory effect as well as antioxidant effects via PPARα and PPARγ activation (48)
Ciglitazone	N/A	The prototypic glitazone in treatment of diabetes from which other PPAR agonists were designed (49)
15d-PGJ2	N/A	Prostaglandin recognized as the endogenous ligand for the PPARγ receptor (50)