Figure 3.

Effect of antihypertensives on cellular GSH levels in E- and rhTGF-β₁-treated hHeps. (A) GSH levels of hHeps (N = 4; n = 4) treated with 100 mM E and/or 5 ng/mL rhTGF-β₁ for 4 hours. GSH levels of hHeps (N = 4, n = 4) treated with (B) 100 mM E, (C) 5 ng/mL rhTGF-β₁, or (D) both substances for 4 hours in the presence or absence (treatment control) of AML (1/2/4 μM), CAP (25/50/100 μM), FUR (5/10/20 μM), MET (12.5/25/50 μM), PRO (5/10/20 μM), or SPI (12.5/25/50 μM). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Notes: DMSO was used as solvent control. Results are given as fluorescent intensities (ex/em = 355/460 nm). Basal GSH levels (untreated control) were approximately 16. °°°P < 0.001 as compared to untreated cells; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 as compared to E- or rhTGF-β₁-treated cells.

Abbreviations: AML, amlodipine; CAP, captopril; CO, control (untreated cells); DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; E, ethanol; ex/em, excitation/emission; FUR, furosemide; GHS, glutathione; hHeps, human hepatocytes; MET, metoprolol; PRO, propranolol; rhTGF-β₁, recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1; SPI, spironolactone; T, treated with rhTGF-β1.