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. 2014 Mar 14;8:82. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00082

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Copyright © 2014 Aslani, Harb, Costa, Almeida, Sousa and Palha.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Emotional behavior in rats exposed to CMS in different diurnal phases. (A) Preference changes of sucrose consumption in the Sucrose preference test (SPT). ^* indicates a significant difference between the CMS-Light and CON. There were no significant differences between the CMS-Dark and the two other groups. (B) Forced swimming test (FST). Immobility time during the test period. (C) Elevated plus maze (EPM). Percentage of time spent in the open arms (D–E) Open field test (OF). (D) Percentage of the distance traveled in the center and (E) Total distance traveled in the OF apparatus. Controls, n = 20, each CMS group, n = 14; ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01. Data presented as mean ± s.e.m.