Table II.
Amniotic fluid inflammatory profile, delivery information, placenta pathology and perinatal mortality in patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity according to amniotic fluid cultures vs. GE/well results using PCR/ESI-MS.
| Amniotic Fluid Culture and PCR/ESI-MS Results | Amniotic fluid (AF) test results | Delivery information | Histologic Placenta Lesions | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Patient number | Group | AF culture | PCR/ESI-MS bacteria |
GE/well bacteria |
PCR/ESI-MS viruses |
GE/well viruses |
AF-IL6 (ng/mL) |
Intra-amniotic inflammation |
AF Gram stain |
AF Glucose | AF WBC | GA at amniocentesis (weeks) |
GA at delivery (weeks) | Interval- amniocentesis-to delivery (days) |
Acute histological chorioamnionitis |
Severity of histological chorioamnionitis |
Perinatal mortality |
| 1 | Positive AF Culture and positive PCR/ESI-MS (n=7) | Ureaplasma spp | Ureaplasma parvum | 575 | No detected | 0 | 29.8 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 490 | 32.4 | 32.6 | 1 | Yes | 2 | No |
| 2 | Candida albicans | Candida albicans | 215 | No detected | 0 | 201.3 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 2160 | 26.3 | 26.4 | 1 | Yes | 3 | No | |
| 3 | Ureaplasma spp | Ureaplasma parvum Fusobacterium nucleatum | 1296 | No detected | 0 | 275.5 | Yes | Pos | ND | 50 | 24.9 | 26.0 | 8 | NI | NI | Yes | |
| 4 | Ureaplasma spp | Ureaplasma parvum | 1795 | No detected | 0 | 86 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 500 | 32.9 | 33.0 | 1 | Yes | 2 | No | |
| 5 | Streptococcus | Gardnerella vaginalis Mycoplasma hominis | 6983 | No detected | 0 | 185.5 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 1920 | 31.7 | 31.9 | 1 | Yes | 3 | No | |
| 6 | Ureaplasma urealyticum | Ureaplasma urealyticum | 1484 | No detected | 0 | 9.9 | Yes | Pos | 20 | 10 | 32.1 | 32.7 | 4 | Yes | 2 | No | |
| 7 | Bacteroides | Fusobacterium nucleatum | 20 | No detected | 0 | 517.8 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 295 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 0 | Yes | 3 | Yes | |
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| 8 | Negative AF culture and GE/Well ≥ 17 (n=10) | Negative | No detected | 0 | Human Enterovirus | >1000 | 6.0 | Yes | Neg | 21 | 0 | 21.6 | 21.7 | 1 | No | No | Yes |
| 9 | Negative | Fusobacterium nucleatum | 27 | No detected | 0 | 46.8 | Yes | Neg | 24 | 1 | 25 | 25.7 | 5 | Yes | 4 | Yes | |
| 10 | Negative | Ureaplasma urealyticum | 768 | No detected | 0 | 265.5 | Yes | Neg | 11 | 357 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 0 | Yes | 3 | Yes | |
| 11 | Negative | Acinetobacter junii | 68 | Human Enterovirus | 24 | 77.7 | Yes | Neg | 20 | 0 | 24.6 | 24.7 | 1 | Yes | 1 | No | |
| 12 | Negative | Acinetobacter junii | 41 | No detected | 0 | 0.28 | No | Neg | 30 | 2 | 29.1 | 39.9 | 75 | No | No | No | |
| 13 | Negative | Sneathia species | 280 | No detected | 0 | 290.7 | Yes | Pos | 10 | 440 | 26 | 26.0 | 0 | Yes | 3 | No | |
| 14 | Negative | Pseudomonas entomophila/putida | 23 | No detected | 0 | 13.1 | Yes | Neg | 17 | 13 | 33.9 | 33.9 | 0 | No | No | No | |
| 15 | Negative | Ureaplasma parvum | 571 | No detected | 0 | 118.5 | Yes | Neg | 10 | 2750 | 26.7 | 27.0 | 2 | Yes | 3 | No | |
| 16 | Negative | Candida albicans | 57 | No detected | 0 | 96.3 | Yes | Pos | 10 | 1292 | 32.4 | 32.6 | 1 | Yes | 2 | No | |
| 17 | Negative | Sneathia species | 152 | No detected | 0 | 263.3 | Yes | Pos | 10 | 960 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 0 | Yes | 4 | Yes | |
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| 18 | Negative AF culture and GE/Well < 17 (n=13) | Negative | Aeromonas caviae | 3 | No detected | 0 | 0.6 | No | Neg | ND | 10 | 30.1 | 30.1 | 0 | No | No | No |
| 19 | Negative | Acinetobacter junii | 14 | No detected | 0 | 1.6 | No | Neg | 30 | 3 | 32.1 | 33.6 | 10 | No | No | No | |
| 20 | Negative | Moraxella osloensis | 3 | No detected | 0 | 1.0 | No | Neg | 29 | 8 | 32.4 | 39.9 | 52 | No | No | No | |
| 21 | Negative | Staphylococcus aureus | 5 | No detected | 0 | 0.6 | No | Neg | 30 | 0 | 33.3 | 37.6 | 30 | No | No | No | |
| 22 | Negative | Staphylococcus aureus | 7 | No detected | 0 | 1.6 | No | Neg | 10 | 0 | 34.1 | 34.9 | 5 | No | No | No | |
| 23 | Negative | Acidovorax sp. | 11 | No detected | 0 | 0.4 | No | Neg | 29 | 20 | 27 | 27.3 | 2 | No | No | No | |
| 24 | Negative | Streptococcus species | 3 | No detected | 0 | 1.0 | No | Neg | 10 | 0 | 34.1 | 36.9 | 19 | Yes | 2 | No | |
| 25 | Negative | Lactobacillus acidophilus/crispatus | 5 | No detected | 0 | 2.3 | No | Neg | 25 | 1 | 28.1 | 39.7 | 81 | Yes | 2 | No | |
| 26 | Negative | Ureaplasma parvum | 8 | No detected | 0 | 0.2 | No | Neg | 31 | 0 | 22.3 | 25.3 | 21 | Yes | 3 | No | |
| 27 | Negative | Gardnerella vaginalis | 5 | No detected | 0 | 16.5 | Yes | Neg | 52 | 0 | 28.4 | 35.4 | 49 | No | No | No | |
| 28 | Negative | Ureaplasma parvum | 4 | No detected | 0 | 0.2 | No | Neg | 22 | 2 | 26.4 | 27.0 | 4 | No | No | No | |
| 29 | Negative | Staphylococcus aureus | 8 | No detected | 0 | 51.8 | Yes | Neg | 25 | 5 | 29.7 | 33.9 | 29 | No | No | No | |
| 30 | Negative | Pantoea dispersa | 3 | No detected | 0 | 0.9 | No | Neg | 54 | 2 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 6 | No | No | No | |
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| 31 | Positive AF culture and Negative PCR/ESI-MS (n=3) | Ureaplasma urealyticum | No detected | 0 | No detected | 0 | 0.2 | No | Neg | 24 | 0 | 34.6 | 35.1 | 4 | Yes | 1 | No |
| 32 | Ureaplasma urealyticum | No detected | 0 | No detected | 0 | 0.4 | No | Neg | 19 | 2 | 29.1 | 39.3 | 71 | No | No | No | |
| 33 | Staphylococcus aureus | No detected | 0 | No detected | 0 | 0.2 | No | Neg | 20 | 225 | 31 | 36.9 | 41 | No | No | No | |
GA= gestational age; AF = amniotic fluid; WBC = white blood cells; IL-6 = Interleukin-6; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; ESI-MS = electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; GE/well: genome equivalent per PCR reaction; NI = not information
Severity of Acute histological chorioamnionitis:
Stage 1 - Early: Acute Subchorionitis/Chorionitis
Stage 2 - Intermediate: Acute Choriamnionitis
Stage 3 - Necrotizing Chorioamnionitis
Stage 4 - Subacute Chorioamnionitis