Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Cohort Stratified by Sex
| Clinical Variables | All Patients (N = 405) | Women (n = 168) | Men (n = 237) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 57 ± 14 | 58 ± 14 | 57 ± 14 | 0.56 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 6 | 28 ± 7 | 28 ± 5 | 0.86 |
| Hypertension | 226 (56) | 103 (61) | 123 (52) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 87 (22) | 31 (19) | 56 (24) | 0.22 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 228 (57) | 83 (50) | 145 (62) | <0.05 |
| Tobacco use | 60 (15) | 19 (11) | 41 (17) | 0.12 |
| Family Hx of CAD | 104 (26) | 48 (29) | 56 (24) | 0.35 |
| SCOREClinical | 39 ± 9 | 39 ± 10 | 40 ± 9 | 0.77 |
| Hx of MI | 82 (20) | 24 (14) | 58 (25) | <0.05 |
| Hx of PCI | 66 (16) | 13 (8) | 53 (22) | <0.0001 |
| Hx of CABG | 32 (8) | 9 (5) | 23 (10) | 0.14 |
| Early coronary revascularization | 43 (11) | 11 (6.6) | 32 (14) | <0.05 |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin | 219 (55) | 81 (49) | 138 (60) | <0.05 |
| Beta-blocker | 214 (53) | 92 (55) | 122 (52) | 0.54 |
| ACE inhibitor | 166 (41) | 60 (36) | 106 (45) | 0.08 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 68 (17) | 35 (21) | 33 (14) | 0.08 |
| Statins | 221 (55) | 82 (50) | 139 (59) | 0.07 |
| Electrocardiography | ||||
| Resting heart rate, beats/min | 69 ± 14 | 71 ± 15 | 68 ± 14 | <0.01 |
| Sinus rhythm | 374 (94) | 155 (93) | 219 (94) | 0.54 |
| QRS >120 ms | 33 (8) | 11 (7) | 22 (10) | 0.36 |
| QTc >400 ms | 9 (2.3) | 6 (3.6) | 3 (1.3) | 0.17 |
| Left bundle branch block | 21(5.3) | 11 (6.6) | 10 (4.3) | 0.37 |
| Right bundle branch block | 20(5.0) | 6 (3.6) | 14 (6.0) | 0.35 |
| LV hypertrophy | 32 (8.0) | 13 (7.7) | 19 (8.2) | 0.99 |
| Significant Q waves | 56 (14) | 14 (8.3) | 42 (18) | <0.01 |
| Resting ST changes | 51 (12.9) | 20 (12.1) | 31 (13.5) | 0.76 |
| Resting T-wave inversions | 81 (20.5) | 27 (16.4) | 54 (23.5) | 0.1 |
| CMR variables | ||||
| LVEF, % | 57 ± 13 | 60 ± 12 | 56 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 62 ± 17 | 56 ± 15 | 66 ± 18 | <0.0001 |
| LVEDVi, ml/m2 | 86 ± 26 | 79 ± 21 | 92 ± 27 | <0.0001 |
| LVESVi, ml/m2 | 39 ± 24 | 33 ± 19 | 43 ± 27 | <0.0001 |
| Resting RWMA | 101 (25.1) | 25 (15) | 76 (32.5) | <0.0001 |
| LGE presence | 119 (30) | 22 (13) | 97 (41) | <0.0001 |
| LGE mass, per gram of tissue | 4.4 ± 11 | 1.8 ± 7 | 6.2 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| % of LGE, per 10% of LV mass | 3.3 ± 8.3 | 1.8 ± 6.3 | 4.4 ± 9.3 | <0.0001 |
| Rest perfusion defect | 53 (13) | 16 (10) | 37 (16) | 0.09 |
| Stress perfusion defect | 126 (31) | 39 (23) | 87 (37) | <0.005 |
| ISCHEMIA(+) | 109 (27) | 36 (21) | 73 (31) | <0.05 |
| ISCH-SCORE | 1.3 ± 3.0 | 0.9 ± 2.2 | 1.6 ± 3.5 | <0.05 |
| ISCH-SCORE, ISCHEMIA(+) | 5.0 ± 4.0 | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 5.3 ± 4.4 | 0.15 |
Values shown are mean ± SD or n (%).
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CAD = coronary artery disease; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; Hx = history; ISCHEMIA(+) = evidence of ischemia present; ISCH-SCORE = myocardial extent of ischemia; LGE = late gadolinium enhancement; LV = left ventricular; LVEDVi = left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVi = left ventricular end-systolic volume index; MI = myocardial infarction; RWMA = regional wall motion abnormality; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; SCOREClinical = clinical risk profile score.