Table 1.

Characteristics of the study cohort.

	Control	Antisepsis	p-value*
Subjects (n)	48	52
Number of drains	58	67
Number of subjects with two drains (%)	10 (21%)	15 (29%)	0.36
Number of subjects with axillary drain (%)	13 (27%)	18 (35%)	0.42
Age, years, mean (range)	61.6 (39–84)	61.5 (32–82)	0.96
BMI, mean (range)	27.8 (16–45)	27.3 (15–42)	0.65
ASA Class, n (%)			0.24
I	5 (10%)	10 (19%)
II	37 (77%)	37 (71%)
III	5 (10%)	5 (10%)
IV	1 (2%)	0
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)	9 (19%)	7 (13%)	0.47
Prior radiation treatment, n (%)	4 (8%)	3 (6%)	0.62
Smoking within 4 weeks preop, n (%)	4 (8%)	4 (8%)	0.91
Operation, n (%)			0.28
Lumpectomy / axillary dissection	3 (6%)	1 (2%)
Mastectomy	5 (10%)	5 (10%)
Mastectomy + sentinel node	29 (60%)	27 (52%)
Modified radical mastectomy	11 (23%)	17 (33%)
Axillary dissection	0	2 (4%)
Preoperative skin prep, n (%)			0.97
Alcohol/ chlorhexidine	38 (79%)	41 (79%)
Alcohol/ iodine	10 (21%)	11 (21%)
Operative time, hours:minutes			0.56
Mean	2:28	2:34
Median	2:17	2:27
Range	1:12–5:13	1:14–4:45
Drain removal day (POD)†			0.15
Mean	8.2	9.1
Median	7	7
Range	5–16	4–19
24-hour drain volume at one week†ml			0.44
Mean	26.6	29.6
Median	23	24
Range	5–65	3–136
24-hour drain volume prior to drain removal†ml			0.81
Mean	20.5	20.1
Median	19	19
Range	5–57	3–45

^*P-values were calculated using either two-sample t-tests (per patient comparisons) or linear mixed models (per drain comparisons) for continuous variables, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for ordinal ASA class, and likelihood-ratio chi-square tests for nominal variables.

^†Including all drains (n = 58 Control, n = 67 Antisepsis).