Table I.

Maternal characteristics stratified by intervention received^*

Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes	ART (N=273)	PMTCT (N=74)	p-value ART v. PMTCT	No intervention (N=29)	p-value ART v. no intervention
Age	27.8 (25–31)	27 (23–32)	0.547	24.5 (23.5–28.5)	0.02
WHO stage I and II	179 (79%)	55 (74%)	0.146	15 (52%)	0.296
III	78 (34%)	16 (23%)		13 (45%)
IV	8 (3%)	2 (3%)		0
Unknown	0	0		1 (3%)
TB at enrolment	23 (8%)	5 (7%)	0.425	7 (24%)	0.015
Gestation at enrolment	27 (22–31)	32 (29–34)	<0.001	26 (22–30)	0.878
CD4 at baseline	127 (84–168) (N=268)	166 (128–267) (N=67)	<0.001	153 (75–247) (N=24)	0.109
Viral load at baseline	30 721 (2 762–50 545) (N=267)	17 794 (2 762–50 545) (N=67)	0.013	40 812 (14 969–91 870) (N=24)	0.262
Gestation at birth	38.3 (36–40) (N=252)	36 (34–38) (N=30)	0.002	34 (27–39) (N=8)	0.028
Live birth	241 (88%)	31 (42%)	<0.001 (live v. stillbirth, p=0.568)	7 (24%)	<0.001 (live v. stillbirths, p=0.004)
Stillbirth/miscarriage	14 (5%)	2 (3%)		4 (14%)
Termination/abortion	4 (2%)	0		0
Unknown	14 (5%)	41 (55%)		18 (62%)
Of live births:
HIV-negative	203 (84%)	23 (74%)	0.067 (excluding unknowns, p=0.317)	3 (43%)	0.011 (excluding unknowns, p=0.855)
HIV-positive	11 (5%)	0		0
HIV status unknown	27 (11%)	8 (26%)		4 (57%)
VL<400 at first follow-up	203 (74%)
400<10 000	10 (4%)
>10 000	20 (7%)
Unknown	40 (15%)
Days after start	115 (112–124)
CD4 at first follow-up	257 (165–335) (N=233)
Days after start	115 (112–124)

^*For continuous variables, data represent medians (interquartile range).