Table 1.
Clinical, Biochemical, and Metabolic Characteristics in the Overall PCOS Cohort (n = 86), PCOS Androgen Phenotype Subgroups, and Age- and BMI-Matched Controls (n = 43)
| Variable | Controls (n = 43) | All PCOS (n = 86) | NA/NT (n = 10) | HA/NT (n = 20) | HA/HT (n = 56) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 32.4 ± 9.8 | 30.0 ± 7.2 | 32.9 ± 2.9 | 30.8 ± 7.9 | 28.8 ± 7.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.3 ± 6.4 | 31.9 ± 7.1 | 30.2 ± 6.5 | 30.0 ± 5.9 | 32.1 ± 6.5 |
| Ferriman-Gallwey score | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 12.4 ± 6.7a | 9.9 ± 5.3a | 10.1 ± 6.4a | 13.9 ± 7.2a,b |
| T, nmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.8a | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.7a,b |
| FAI (T × 100/SHBG) | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 9.1 ± 6.1a | 5.5 ± 3.9d | 7.3 ± 4.6d | 10.5 ± 6.5a,b |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 49.8 ± 26.6 | 32.3 ± 18.4a | 28.8 ± 11.8a | 30.8 ± 21.2a | 31.8 ± 16.5a |
| A, nmol/L | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 13.4 ± 5.6a | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 11.4 ± 4.2a,c | 14.2 ± 5.1a,c |
| DHEA, nmol/L | 20.5 ± 7.9 | 57.5 ± 30.0a | 24.4 ± 8.6 | 59.8 ± 34.8a,e | 58.0 ± 26.8a,e |
| DHEAS, μmol/L | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 3.0a | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 2.6c | 6.2 ± 2.7a,c |
| DHEA to DHEAS ratio | 7.8 ± 3.7 | 12.9 ± 6.8d | 12.6 ± 8.5d | 14.0 ± 10.0d | 15.4 ± 5.4d |
| LH, IU/L | 5.2 ± 2.4 | 9.9 ± 5.8d | 4.7 ± 3.2 | 9.0 ± 6.3d | 11.4 ± 9.2b,d |
| LH to FSH ratio | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 1.5d | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 1.9d | 2.3 ± 1.4b,d |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 0.8 |
| Two-hour OGTT glucose, mmol/L | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 2.3 |
| Fasting insulin, mIU/L | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 10.4 ± 8.6f | 8.2 ± 5.5d | 11.7 ± 8.3d | 12.3 ± 6.6a |
| HOMA-IR | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.2f | 1.9 ± 1.1d | 2.4 ± 1.5d | 2.8 ± 1.0b,f |
| ISI (Cederholm), mg/L2/mmol · mU · min) (25) | 78.7 ± 38.0 | 54.6 ± 24.1a | 73.4 ± 54.6 | 51.0 ± 17.1a,f | 54.4 ± 25.2a,f |
| Dysglycemia, n, % | 3 (6.9%) | 17 (19.7%)d | 0 | 3 (15%) | 14 (25%)b,d |
Abbreviation: HOMA-IS, homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity. PCOS subgroup classification according to high (H) or normal (N) serum A and serum T concentrations as measured by LC/MS-MS [normal T (NT) ≤1.9 nmol/L; normal A (NA) ≤7.4 nmol/L]. Data are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. Normal glucose tolerance was a 2-hour glucose OGTT 7.7 mmol/L or less. Dysglycemia was a 2-h glucose OGTT 7.8 mmol/L or greater.
P < .001 as compared with the BMI-matched healthy controls
P < .05 as compared with the NA/NT group.
P < .001 as compared with the NA/NT group.
P < .05 as compared with the BMI-matched healthy controls.
P < .01 as compared with the NA/NT group.
P < .01 as compared with the BMI-matched healthy controls.