Table 5.
Mixed-effect-model, repeated-measures modeling was performed for each diagnostic group for anterior and posterior group magnetic resonance imaging regions of interest
| MMRM model variable* | MCI stable P value |
MCI converters P value |
AD P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior group ROI | |||
| Age | NS | NS | NS |
| ApoE ε4+ status | NS | NS | NS |
| Sex, male | NS | NS | NS |
| Intercept | NS | NS | NS |
| Baseline MMSE | NS | .08 | NS |
| Education, y | NS | NS | NS |
| R pallidum | .06 | NS | NS |
| L pallidum | NS | NS | NS |
| R rostral anterior cingulate | NS | NS | NS |
| L rostral anterior cingulate | NS | .00003 | NS |
| R caudal anterior cingulate | NS | NS | NS |
| R superior frontal† | NS | NS | .01 |
| L superior frontal | NS | .04 | NS |
| L superior frontal† | NS | NS | NS |
| L rostral middle frontal† | .04 | NS | NS |
| R medial orbitofrontal† | .07 | .04 | NS |
| R insula | NS | NS | .01 |
| L insula | .02 | NS | .01 |
| R amygdala | NS | .02 | .0007 |
| L amygdala | NS | NS | NS |
| Posterior group ROI | |||
| Age | NS | NS | NS |
| ApoE ε4+ status | NS | NS | NS |
| Sex (male) | NS | NS | NS |
| Intercept | NS | NS | NS |
| Baseline MMSE | NS | .02 | NS |
| Education, y | NS | NS | NS |
| R posterior cingulate† | NS | .000005 | NS |
| R fusiform | NS | NS | NS |
| R fusiform† | NS | NS | NS |
| L fusiform | NS | NS | NS |
| L fusiform† | NS | NS | NS |
| R hippocampus | NS | NS | NS |
| L hippocampus | NS | .03 | .02 |
| L precuneus | NS | NS | NS |
| L superior parietal | NS | NS | NS |
Abbreviations: MMRM, Mixed-effect model repeated measures; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ROI, regions of interest; NS, not significant; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; R, right; L, left.
NOTE. Mixed-effect-model, repeated-measures modeling was analyzed within each group and included age, sex, educational level, MMSE score, and binary ApoE ε4 allele status (heterozygous or homozygous) along with the ROIs. Regions of interest with significant P values are in bold type, trends are not in bold type, and nonsignificant values are denoted as NS. Volumes are reported unless followed by an dagger.
These ROIs were chosen for MMRM analyses if they showed a correlation of ≥0.09 with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Agitation and Aggression subscale score at any time point during the 2-year study period (see Table 4).
Cortical thickness average.