Table 2.
Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance in South East Asia Region By Drug Class*
| Study | Prevalence of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor HIVDR† |
Prevalence of Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor HIVDR† |
Prevalence of Protease Inhibitor HIVDR† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Studies of Transmitted HIVDR | |||
| Apisarnthanarak et al 2008 (All years)74 | 6/305 (2%) | 7/305 (2%) | None |
| Ayouba et al 200933 | None | None | None |
| Chonwattana et al 200736 | 2/165 (1%) | 1/165 (1%) | None |
| Iqbal et al 201030 | None | 2/18 (11%) | None |
| Leelawiwat et al 201135 | 2/91 (2%) | 2/91 (2%) | None |
| Sirivichayakul et al 200637 | None | None | None |
| Sirivichayakul et al 200834 – Population 1: – Population 2: |
None None |
None None |
None None |
| Soundararajan et al 200771 | None | None | None |
| Thorat et al 201132 | None | 1/47 (2%) | None |
| Truong et al 2009‡,31 | - | - | - |
| Studies of Acquired HIVDR | |||
| Bhrushundi et al 201149 | 27/30 (90%) | 28/30 (93%) | 6/30 (20%)§ |
| Chasombat et al 2010‡,‖,25 | - | - | - |
| Deshpande et al 2007‡,44 | - | - | - |
| Deshpande et al 2010‖,26 | 26/27 (96%) | 27/27 (100%) | None |
| Dettrairat et al 2006‡,72 | - | - | - |
| Ekstrand et al 201152 | 63/92 (68%) | 66/92 (72%) | None |
| Gupta et al 201050 | 47/51 (92%) | 32/51 (62%) | 4/51 (8%) |
| Karnkawinpong et al 2006‡,75 | - | - | - |
| Kumarasamy et al 200945 | 124/138 (90%) | 90/138 (65%) | None |
| Puthanakit et al 2011‡,76 | - | - | - |
| Sen et al 2007‡,‖,27 | - | - | - |
| Sen et al 2007‖,28 | 24/50 (67%) | 26/50 (72%) | None |
| Solomon et al 2007‡,77 | - | - | - |
| Sukasem et al 2007‡,‖,29 | - | - | - |
| Sungkanuparph et al 2007‡,46 | - | - | - |
| Sungkanuparph et al 200851 | 11/21 (52%) | 9/21 (43%) | None |
| Vidya et al 2009‡,78 | - | - | - |
| Studies of HIVDR in Pre-treatment Populations | |||
| Apisarnthanarak et al 2008‡,61 | - | - | None |
| Arora et al 2008‡,79 | - | - | - |
| Auwanit et al 200959 | None | None | None |
| Balakrishnan et al 200568 | 1/50 (2%) | 1/50 (2%) | 1/50 (2%) |
| Chasombat et al 2010‖,25 | None | 5/304 (2%) | None |
| Chaturbhuj et al 201041 | None | None | None |
| Deshpande 2010‖,26 | 2% | None | None |
| Deshpande et al 200469 | 2/128 (2%) | None | 1/128 (1%) |
| Iqbal et al 200962 | 1/55 (2%) | None | None |
| Kandathil et al 200967 | 1/93 (1%) | 1/93 (1%) | None |
| Lall et al 200863 | 3/40 (8%) | None | 1/40 (3%) |
| Neogi et al 201038 | None | None | None |
| Nuntachit et al 2011‡,64 | - | - | - |
| Potdar et al 2011‡,65 | - | - | - |
| Rajesh et al 200970 | 2/104 (2%) | 2/104 (2%) | 1/99 (1%) |
| Saini et al 201080 | 1/70 (1%) | None | None |
| Sen et al 2007‖,27 | None | None | None |
| Sen et al 2007‖,28 | None | None | None |
| Shet et al 201166 | None | 1/50 (2%) | None |
| Sinha et al 201060 | 4/53 (8%) | None | 1/53 (2%) |
| Sirivichayakul et al 201139 | 2008: 0.8% 2009: 2.6% 2010: 5.1% |
2008: 0.8% 2009: 1.3% 2010: 3.4% |
2008: 4.3% 2009: 1.3% 2010: 3.4% |
| Sukasem et al 2007‡,‖,29 | - | None | None |
| Tovanabutra et al 200440 | None | None | None |
The prevalence of HIV drug resistance in this table was calculated by dividing the total number of specimens with a ≥ 1 drug resistance mutation conferring resistance in the appropriate drug class divided by the total number of specimens from patients in the cohort with virological failure
Class HIVDR defined using the WHO Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations 2009 list
Data presented in journal article or abstract did not have sufficient detail which might include specific DRMs detected or individual sample-level information to allow calculation of prevalence of drug class HIVDR
PI resistance described as ‘major or minor mutations’ without description of specific DRMs which did not allow exclusion of minor PI mutations from the calculation of the mean prevalence estimate
This study described two cohorts: one cohort on ART and one cohort about to start ART. Therefore, results from each of the cohorts described in this study are reported separately in studies of acquired HIVDR and studies of HIVDR in pre-treatment populations.