Table 1.
All women | Black | White | Pa | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 406,602 | 70,941 | 335,661 | |
Percentage | 100.0 | 17.4 | 82.6 | |
Women’s characteristics (%) | ||||
Age 70–74 | 48.2 | 44.4 | 49.0 | <0.0001 |
Any comorbidity | 66.3 | 73.3 | 64.9 | <0.0001 |
Breast cancer during follow-up | 6.1 | 5.4 | 6.3 | <0.0001 |
Preventive services received in 2001 (%) | ||||
Cervical cancer screening | 39.3 | 28.7 | 41.5 | <0.0001 |
Flu shot | 59.9 | 42.4 | 63.6 | <0.0001 |
Lipids Test | 60.8 | 56.7 | 61.6 | <0.0001 |
High ER utilizationb (%) | 25.2 | 36.9 | 22.7 | <0.0001 |
County characteristics (%) | ||||
Olderc | 25.4 | 17.5 | 27.1 | <0.0001 |
Low educationd | 24.9 | 33.8 | 23.1 | <0.0001 |
Poore | 24.8 | 40.8 | 21.5 | <0.0001 |
High managed care penetrationf | 24.9 | 19.0 | 26.2 | <0.0001 |
With high medical school presenceg | 23.0 | 26.7 | 22.3 | <0.0001 |
With abundant primary care resourcesh | 24.1 | 17.7 | 25.5 | <0.0001 |
P value for bivariate association of race with listed variables
High ER utilization = Person with >4.1% of claims from ER
Older = county with > 16.2% of the county residents being women age 65 years old and older
Low education = county with > 8.1% of the population having ≤9 years of school
Poor = county with > 13.6% of county population living below the poverty level
High managed care penetration = county with > 24.4% managed care penetration
County with high medical school presence = county where >57.1% of hospitals being associated with medical schools
County with abundant primary care resources = county with >220.7 primary care physicians per 100,000 persons 65 and older.