Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| First author | Year | Type of study | Type of arts therapy | Treatment duration | Type of control | Outcomes | Instruments | N treatment (as analysed) |
N control (as analysed) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binns-Turner | 2011 | RCT | Preoperational music | Pre-/intra-/postoperation (71–78 mins) | No music/usual care | Blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and pain | SAI, VAS | 15 | 15 |
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| Bozcuk | 2006 | Crossover CCT | Music during chemotherapy | 2 chemotherapy sessions | Session 1 served as control | QoL | EORTC QLQ C-30 | 18 | 18 (crossover) |
|
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| Bulfone | 2009 | RCT | Music therapy | 12 weeks, 15 mins each session | No music/usual care | Anxiety | STAI | 30 | 30 |
|
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| Dibbell-Hope | 2000 | RCT | Dance, movement therapy | 6 weeks, one session per week lasting 3 hrs each | Waiting list | Mood states, symptoms, body image, and social desirability | POMS, SCL-90-R, BWB, and MCSDS | 15 | 16 |
|
| |||||||||
| Hanser | 2006 | RCT | Music therapy | 3 for every 45 minutes | No music/usual care | QoL, Spiritual wellbeing, depression, heart rate, and blood pressure | FACT-G, FACIT-Sp HADS, and HADS | 18 | 22 |
|
| |||||||||
| Zhou | 2011 | RCT | Music therapy | Hospital stay (13.6 ± 2 days) + 2 chemotherapy periods (18.9 ± 7.1 days), 2 daily for 30 mins each | No music/usual care | Depression | ZSDS | 54 | 51 |
|
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| Li | 2011 | RCT | Music therapy | 2 per day, 30 min session for maximum of 32.5 days | No music/usual care | Anxiety | SAI | 54 | 51 |
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| Oester | 2006 | RCT | Art therapy | 5 weeks total, 1 session per week | No art therapy/usual care | Coping | CRI | 20 | 21 |
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| Puig | 2006 | RCT | Art therapies | 4 sessions over 4 weeks, 60 mins each | Waiting list | Mood states | POMS | 20 | 19 |
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| Sandel | 2005 | RCT | Dance, movement therapy | 12 weeks: 6 weeks 2 sessions/week, 6 weeks 1 session, 1 hr each | Waiting list | Functional assessment, QoL, shoulder range of motion, and body image | FACT-B, ROM, BIS, and SF-36 | 19 | 16 |
|
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| Svensk | 2009 | RCT | Art therapy | 60 min session/week for 5 weeks | No art therapy/usual care | Quality of life | EORTC, WHOQOL-BREF | 20 | 21 |
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| Stordahl | 2009 | CCT | Music-assisted relaxation | 4 sessions over 4 weeks, 60 mins each | Relaxation alone | Depression, mood states, and benefit finding | CES-D, POMS, BFS | 10 | 10 |
|
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| Thyme | 2009 | RCT | Art therapy | 5 weeks | No art therapy/usual care | Social behaviour, symptoms | SASB, SCL-90 | 20 | 21 |
Abbreviations: RCT: randomized controlled trial; CCT: controlled clinical trial; QoL: quality of life; SAI: Spielberger State Anxiety Scale; VAS: visual analog scale; EORTC QLQ C-30: quality of life of cancer patients; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; POMS: Profile of Mood States; SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist 90 (Revised); BWB: Berscheid-Walster-Bohrnstedt Body Image Scale; MCSDS: Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale; FACT-G: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General; FACT-B: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for patients with breast cancer; FACIT-Sp: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-being Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ZSDS: Zung Self Rated Depression Scale; SAI: State Anxiety Inventory; CRI: Coping Response Inventory; ROM: range of motion; BIS: body image scale; SF-36: Short Form Health Survey; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organisation Quality of Life; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BFS: benefit finding scale; SASB: structural analysis of social behaviour, SCL-90: Symptom Checklist.