Table 1.
Personal exposure measurement.
| Toner-handling work category | 1st survey | 2nd survey | 3rd survey | 4th survey | 5th survey | 6th survey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toner development | ||||||
| Sampling case# | 19 | 17 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 7 |
| GM## (mg/m3) | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| (GSD##) | (1.974) | (2.059) | (1.507) | (1.355) | (1.069) | (1.299) |
| Median (mg/m3) | 0.018 | 0.020 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| (quartile 1, quartile 3) | (0.015, 0.039) | (0.015, 0.041) | (0.010, 0.016) | (0.011, 0.015) | (0.014, 0.015) | (0.009, 0.016) |
| Toner manufacturing | ||||||
| Sampling case | 61 | 65 | 72 | 60 | 74 | 71 |
| GM (mg/m3) | 0.075 | 0.064 | 0.036 | 0.043 | 0.028 | 0.025 |
| (GSD) | (3.446) | (3.742) | (2.963) | (3.447) | (2.847) | (2.909) |
| Median (mg/m3) | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.035 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 0.016 |
| (quartile 1, quartile 3) | (0.032, 0.159) | (0.021, 0.156) | (0.014, 0.065) | (0.017, 0.106) | (0.014, 0.047) | (0.013, 0.034) |
| Photocopier development | ||||||
| Sampling case | 10 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 6 |
| GM (mg/m3) | 0.018 | 0.016 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.016 |
| (GSD) | (1.303) | (1.107) | (2.210) | (1.326) | (1.432) | (1.038) |
| Median (mg/m3) | 0.017 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| (quartile 1, quartile 3) | (0.016, 0.020) | (0.014, 0.018) | (0.009, 0.017) | (0.011, 0.016) | (0.010, 0.019) | (0.015, 0.016) |
| Toner and photocopier recycling | ||||||
| Sampling case | 23 | 29 | 33 | 34 | 50 | 44 |
| GM (mg/m3) | 0.569 | 0.236 | 0.075 | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.029 |
| (GSD) | (3.704) | (2.562) | (3.169) | (2.879) | (2.908) | (2.638) |
| Median (mg/m3) | 1.054 | 0.211 | 0.060 | 0.051 | 0.065 | 0.021 |
| (quartile 1, quartile 3) | (0.1 10, 1.420) | (0.139, 0.363) | (0.036, 0.137) | (0.037, 0.151) | (0.030, 0.126) | (0.014, 0.050) |
| Customer service | ||||||
| Sampling case | 18 | 22 | 23 | 18 | 16 | 19 |
| GM (mg/m3) | 0.020 | 0.018 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| (GSD) | (1.308) | (1.635) | (1.370) | (1.419) | (1.391) | (1.471) |
| Median (mg/m3) | 0.019 | 0.016 | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.014 |
| (quartile 1, quartile 3) | (0.016, 0.022) | (0.015, 0.019) | (0.010, 0.016) | (0.009, 0.016) | (0.009, 0.017) | (0.009, 0.016) |
#Sampling case: about 5 workers in one workplace were randomly selected and conducted personal exposure measurement.
For toner manufacturing process and toner and photocopier recycling process, the workplaces were subdivided and the sampling cases increased.
On the other hand, toner development process, photocopier development process, and customer service process had a few work units.
##GM: geometric mean. GSD: geomrtric standard deviation.