Figure 1.

Flow chart of the study design. A total of 528 patients were enrolled during the interval of this study. According to the exclusion criteria, 95 patients were eligible and finally enrolled. Patients were assigned into the fistuloclysis group (n = 35, receiving fistuloclysis plus total enteral nutrition (TEN)) and the control group (n = 60, receiving TEN only). The fistuloclysis group was divided into subgroups according to EF locations: Group 1: patients with small intestinal fistula (n = 11); Group 2: patients with biliary fistula (n = 16); Group 3: patients with duodenum fistula (n = 8).