Table 6.

Calculation of measurement uncertainty.

Sample	GOS content (g/100 g)a	RSD (iR) (%)	Recovery (%)	RSD(Rec)* (%)b	u (%)c	U (%)d
GOS-1A	43.5	2.7	117f	7.3	7.8	16
GOS-1B	43.7	2.7	120f	9.4	9.8	20
GOS-2	39.4	3.0	100	1.6	3.4	6.8
GOS-3A	42.4	2.5	110f	4.8	5.4	11
GOS-3B	54.1	2.1	105f	2.7	3.4	6.8
GOS-4	26.0	1.8	90.7f	6.4	6.7	13
GOS-5	66.1	0.7	84.2f	9.9	9.9	20
GOS-6	43.1	1.4	96.4	1.8	2.3	4.6
Spiked formula	2.63	2.0	102f	0.69	2.1	4.2
Lactogen 2	2.39	2.0	92.3f	4.9	5.3	11
Lactogen 2e	2.58	3.5	97.7	1.2	3.7	7.4

^aMedian GOS content as measured.  ^bRSD_(Rec)*: the relative standard deviation of the recovery, corrected if the recovery is not 100% and calculated as follows:

${{\text{SD}}_{(\text{Rec})}}^{\ast }=\sqrt{{((1-\text{recovery})/2)}^2+{{\text{SD}}_{(\text{Rec})}}^2}$ then, RSD_(Rec)* = SD_{(Rec )}*/(recovery) × 100.

^c u: relative measurement uncertainty expressed in % and calculated as follows:

$u=\sqrt{{(\text{RSD}(\text{iR}))}^2+{({{\text{RSD}}_{(\text{Rec)}}}^{\ast })}^2}$.  

^d U: expanded relative measurement uncertainty expressed as % and calculated as U = 2 × u.

^eResults for this sample obtained using the HPAEC-PAD profiling method. ^fRecovery is significantly different from 100%.