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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2013 Nov 5;215(1):87–94. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.037

Figure 1. Expected Patterns of Deficits in Discordant Cotwin-Control Studies Under Alternative Models for the Etiological Relation between MD and Neuropsychological Deficits.

Figure 1

MD History Model: Deficits are associated with clinical history of MD, Probands but not unaffected Cotwins show deficits relative to Controls; Family History Model: Deficits are associated with family history of MD, Probands and unaffected Cotwins show equivalent deficits relative to Controls; Family + MD History Model: Deficits are associated with both sources, as Cotwins and Probands show deficits arising from familial vulnerability and Probands have additional deficits associated with clinical history of MD.