Table 1.
Summary of Group Performance on Each Measure
| DAD Probands (N=70) | DAD Unaff. Cotwins (N=47) | Controls (N=41) | Test of Group Differences
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD History (Probands vs Cotwins) | Familial Risk (Cotwins vs Controls) | ||||
| Age | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 45.0 (8.2) | 45.4 (7.6) | 33.0 (8.4) | b (se) | b(se) |
| Percent Female | 57.1% | 51.1% | 75.6% | P | P |
|
| |||||
| Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) 1 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 74.7 (16.9) | 69.7 (12.5) | 85.5 (12.8) | −10.6 (3.9)a | −15.6 (3.3)a,b |
| Range | 40–116 | 50–96 | 58–113 | 0.006 | <0.001 |
| Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 10.5 (2.5) | 10.0 (2.2) | 11.9 (2.9) | −1.4 (0.6)a | −1.9 (0.6)a |
| Range | 6–16 | 5–15 | 7–18 | 0.011 | 0.001 |
| Block Design (BD) 1 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 38.2 (12.3) | 38.5 (10.6) | 45.1 (9.8) | −6.8 (2.8)a | −6.6 (2.6)a |
| Range | 12–61 | 12–60 | 21–63 | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Verbal Paired Associates – Initial (VPA-I) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 17.6 (7.7) | 18.1 (7.4) | 20.8 (6.8) | −3.3 (1.7)a | −2.8 (1.8) |
| Range | 3–31 | 2–32 | 6–32 | 0.029 | 0.058 |
| Verbal Paired Associates – Delayed (VPA-D) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.1 (2.3) | 6.0 (2.2) | 6.7 (1.8) | −0.7 (0.5) | −0.7 (0.5) |
| Range | 0–9 | 0–8 | 2–8 | 0.087 | 0.080 |
| Vocabulary (VO) | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 46.7 (10.5) | 43.1 (10.7) | 48.1 (9.7) | −1.5 (2.4) | −5.1 (2.6)a,b |
| Range | 13–65 | 21–62 | 21–63 | 0.267 | 0.025 |
Notes:
1
N’s for these measures are: Probands=53 and Cotwins=35
Group comparisons based on 1-tailed test (P<.05).
a
group means differ after adjusting for sex;
b
group means differ after adjusting for sex and age.