Table 1.
Respondent characteristics associated with oral opioid use, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2000 to 2010 a b
| % receiving opioids | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year c | 9.5 | 1.06 | (1.05, 1.06) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| Young adult (18–30) | 7.2 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Adult (30–64) | 9.8 | 0.87 | (0.82, 0.92) | <0.001 |
| Older adult (65+) | 11.3 | 0.59 | (0.55, 0.65) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 11.1 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Male | 7.7 | 0.75 | (0.72, 0.79) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 10.4 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Hispanic | 6.2 | 0.64 | (0.59, 0.68) | <0.001 |
| Black | 9.5 | 0.84 | (0.79, 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Other | 6.4 | 0.62 | (0.56, 0.68) | <0.001 |
| PCS health score d | ||||
| First quartile, (<44) | 20.2 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Second quartile, (44–53) | 9.1 | 0.42 | (0.40, 0.44) | <0.001 |
| Third quartile, (54–57) | 5.8 | 0.28 | (0.27, 0.29) | <0.001 |
| Fourth quartile, (>57) | 5.2 | 0.23 | (0.21, 0.24) | <0.001 |
| MCS health score d | ||||
| First quartile, (<45) | 14.9 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Second quartile, (45–53) | 9.7 | 0.79 | (0.76, 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Third quartile, (54–58) | 7.4 | 0.69 | (0.65, 0.73) | <0.001 |
| Fourth quartile, (>58) | 8.0 | 0.56 | (0.56, 0.64) | <0.001 |
| Current Smoking | ||||
| No | 8.9 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 13.1 | 1.39 | (1.32, 1.45) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | ||||
| No | 8.4 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 12.7 | 1.20 | (1.15, 1.25) | <0.001 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 9.4 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Previously married | 12.6 | 1.07 | (1.02, 1.13) | <0.001 |
| Never married | 7.2 | 0.91 | (0.87, 0.97) | 0.002 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Any private | 9.5 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Public only | 13.3 | 1.00 | (0.95, 1.06) | 0.001 |
| Uninsured | 5.3 | 0.53 | (0.49, 0.56) | <0.001 |
| Census Region | ||||
| Northeast | 8.2 | 1.0 (reference) | ||
| Midwest | 10.5 | 1.23 | (1.14, 1.33) | <0.001 |
| South | 10.1 | 1.20 | (1.12, 1.29) | <0.001 |
| West | 8.9 | 1.20 | (1.12, 1.29) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PCS, physical composite summary; MCS, mental composite summary
a
All estimates based on weighted sample using survey design methods for adults 18 and older.
b
Odds ratios were generated from the multivariable logistic regression model predicting opioid use. All covariates are represented except education and income that were not statistically significant.
c
All years (2000–2010) included for analysis. Odds ratio for year represents the test of trend across 11 years.
d
PCS and MCS scores range from 0–100, with a higher score indicating better functioning