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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Chip. 2013 May 14;13(12):2183–2198. doi: 10.1039/c3lc90042h

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

(A) Comparison of the illumination of a TIRF experiment and one employing ZMWs. The ZMW overcomes the high fluorescent background that is problematic in TIRF by decreasing the illumination volume by ~3 orders of magnitude. (B) Real-time single-molecule ribosome translation reaction on a single mRNA copy in ZMW arrays. Time-resolved fluorescent spectra of fluorescently labeled aminoacylated-tRNAs provide information on the temporal order and identity of the aminoacylatedtRNAs, and thus the cognate codons of the mRNA template. Images are reproduced from Ref. 75 and 77.