Fig. 5.

Properties in heart failure (HF) compared with control

(a) Prolonged action potential (AP) in HF versus in control (V _m: the membrane voltage); (b) The steep relationship in control and HF (I _rel: SR release current; [Ca²⁺]_JSR,t: total Ca²⁺ content in junctional SR (JSR)); (c) Ca²⁺ transient in control and HF ([Ca²⁺]_i: intracellular Ca²⁺); (d) Alternans threshold in control and HF against experimental data. Modified from Zang et al. (2013)