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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Parasitol. 2012 Nov 20;43(0):253–257. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.015

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

A model for gastrointestinal helminth infection stimulating the production of IL-22 by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and TH22 cells, in combination with the TH2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, which will stimulate the increased turnover and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells as well as mucus production by goblet cells. This will reduce the attachment of bacteria to the epithelial cells, especially from the phylum Proteobacteria, and restore the microbial community diversity that was reduced as a result of dysbiosis during intestinal inflammation.