Serum anti-ovalbumin (OVA) IgA (a, b) and IgG (c, d) responses of 7-day-old (7D) or 14-day-old (14D) immunized piglets in the presence (OVA+P) or absence (OVA-P) of anti-OVA maternal antibodies (MatAb). Each triangle or circle represents the mean of the serum antibody concentration of five to eight piglets ± SEM, detected by ELISA. Arrows indicate the days and route of immunization. SC = subcutaneous, IN = intranasal, INB = IN boost. Significant differences were found among groups (P < 0·001) and in time (P < 0·001) by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, for IgA and IgG. Thus, a Student–Newman–Keuls test was used to compare groups of the same age for each isotype (P shown in the graph) and at each time point (shown by asterisks, *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01). Note that graph scales differ.