Table 3.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of parathyroid hormone concentration with carotid intima-media thickness and plaque
| Cross-sectional analyses | Longitudinal analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTH | Baseline CCA-IMT | Change in CCA-IMT1 | ||||||
| N | Unadjusted mean IMT [µm (SD)] |
Adjusted difference [µm (95%CI)] |
N | Unadjusted mean difference [µm (SD)] |
Adjusted difference [µm (95%CI)] |
|||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| <33.0 pg/mL | 945 | 897 (210) | ref. | ref. | 797 | 130 (125) | ref. | ref. |
| 33.0–44.3 pg/mL | 941 | 925 (207) | 16.8 (−0.3 to 33.8) |
11.8 (−4.9 to 28.4) |
786 | 141 (143) | 11.9 (−1.8 to 25.7) |
10.9 (−2.8 to 24.7) |
| 44.4–64.9 pg/mL | 939 | 950 (216) | 19.5 (1.7 to 37.3) |
10.4 (−7.6 to 28.3) |
735 | 143 (138) | 13.0 (−0.9 to 26.7) |
12.4 (−1.7 to 26.4) |
| ≥65 pg/mL | 357 | 955 (198) | 20.8 (−2.4 to 44.1) |
10.1 (−13.3 to 33.6) |
265 | 131 (154) | 1.2 (−19.7 to 22.0) |
1.0 (−19.6 to 21.5) |
| P value3 | 0.13 | 0.70 | 0.37 | 0.37 | ||||
| Baseline ICA-IMT | Change in ICA-IMT1 | |||||||
| N | Unadjusted mean IMT [µm (SD)] |
Adjusted difference [µm (95%CI)] |
N | Unadjusted mean difference [µm (SD)] |
Adjusted difference [µm (95%CI)] |
|||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| <33.0 pg/mL | 740 | 881 (361) | ref. | ref. | 465 | 170 (300) | ref. | ref. |
| 33.0–44.3 pg/mL | 737 | 912 (428) | 23.0 (−15.3 to 61.4) |
16.4 (−22.0 to 54.8) |
420 | 165 (256) | −5.3 (−41.5 to 30.9) |
−9.2 (−45.7 to 27.3) |
| 44.4–64.9 pg/mL | 701 | 936 (425) | 29.7 (−10.2 to 69.6) |
15.8 (−25.4 to 57.1) |
393 | 170 (292) | −12.8 (−54.1 to 28.5) |
−16.8 (−60.3 to 26.7) |
| ≥65 pg/mL | 241 | 875 (335) | −23.3 (−73.3 to 26.7) |
−42.3 (−95.1 to 10.5) |
130 | 121 (185) | −65.4 (−112.7 to −18.1) |
−66.2 (−116.6 to −15.8) |
| P value4 | 0.80 | 0.61 | 0.04 | 0.05 | ||||
| Baseline prevalence of carotid plaque | Incidence of a new carotid plaque1,2 | |||||||
| N | Unadjusted prevalence [%]2 |
Adjusted OR (95%CI) | N | Unadjusted cumulative incidence [%]2 |
Adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) | |||
| Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
| <33.0 pg/mL | 952 | 43.9% | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 534 | 38.40% | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| 33.0–44.3 pg/mL | 952 | 46.9% | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) |
1.12 (0.92–1.36) |
506 | 41.10% | 1.14 (0.88–1.48) |
1.14 (0.88–1.48) |
| 44.4–64.9 pg/mL | 945 | 50.6% | 1.16 (0.95–1.41) |
1.15 (0.94–1.42) |
467 | 43.00% | 1.16 (0.89–1.52) |
1.17 (0.89–1.55) |
| ≥65 pg/mL | 363 | 41.9% | 0.78 (0.60–1.02) |
0.77 (0.58–1.02) |
211 | 39.80% | 1.03 (0.73–1.47) |
1.04 (0.72–1.50) |
| P value4 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.98 | 0.99 | ||||
between the two carotid ultrasounds
among those without carotid plaques at baseline
P value for continuous 25-OHD
Linear model 1 adjusted for sex, race, study field center, education, income and time between the 2 ultrasounds.
Linear model 2 further adjusted for physical activity, smoking, BMI, LDL, HDL, use of statins, GFR and 25-OHD.
Logistic model 3 adjusted for age, sex, race, site, education, income and time between the 2 ultrasounds.
Logistic model 4 further adjusted for physical activity, smoking, BMI, LDL, HDL, use of statins, GFR and 25-OHD.
Abbreviations: CCA-IMT = intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery / ICA-IMT = intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery