Figure 1. Human microbes extensively studied in Drosophila. Human microbes studied during their interaction with Drosophila in wound (thoracic pricking), systemic (hemolymph injection), or intestinal (feeding) infection assays. While depicted in adult flies, many hemolymph and intestinal infections are studied in larvae. In addition, microbial virulence factors have been expressed in live Drosophila tissues or Drosophila tissue culture cells have been studied upon infection with various human microbes.