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The HPA axis regulates the endocrine stress response with activation mediated by CRH containing neurons in the hypothalamic PVN. The release of CRH onto cells of the anterior pituitary induces the secretion of ACTH into systemic circulation. At the adrenal cortex, ACTH stimulates synthesis and release of GCs (cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents). Glucocorticoids then activate MRs and GRs providing a feedback signal to regulate HPA axis activity.
