Table 2.
Tissue-temperature reductions by cooling modalities
| Ice pack (10 minutes) | CWI (4–5 minutes, 8°C–10°C) | WBC (3 minutes) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skin temperature | 18b,15 | 6.2 (0.5)24 | 3.5–8.727 |
| 20a,16 | 8.4 (0.7)25 | 6.7b,28 | |
| 20b,17 | 9.0 (0.8)26 | 8.1 (0.4)c,12 | |
| 2018 | 12.1 (1.0)25 | ||
| 22a,b,19 | 10.3 (0.6)26 | ||
| 25.7–26.420 | 13.7 (0.7)12 | ||
| 19.4b,29 | |||
| Intramuscular temperature (2 cm depth) | 1.76 (1.37)21 | 1.7 (0.9)25 | 1.2 (0.7)25 |
| 2.0a,16 | |||
| 2.0a,b,19 | |||
| 2.7b,15 | |||
| −3.88 (1.83)22 | |||
| Core temperature | 0a,16 | 0.2 (0.1)24 | 029 |
| 023 | 0.4 (0.2)25 | 0.3 (0.2)25 | |
Notes:
a
Data extracted from graphs with permission: Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2001;82, Jutte LS, Merrick MA, Ingersoll CD, Edwards JE. The relationship between intramuscular temperature, skin temperature, and adipose thickness during cryotherapy and rewarming. 845–850.16 © 2001 with permission from Elsevier; and Merrick MA, Jutte LS, Smith ME. Cold modalities with different thermodynamic properties produce different surface and intramuscular temperatures. J Athl Train. 2003;38:28–33.19
b
standard deviation not available.
c
PBC. All values are degrees celsius (means ± standard deviation).
Abbreviations: CWI, cold-water immersion; WBC, whole-body cryotherapy; PBC, partial body cryotherapy (head out).