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. 2014 Mar 17;9(3):e92368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092368

Figure 3. Probiotics Reduces Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and the RANKL/OPG ratio in Cortical Bone and Increases Expression of TGFβ in Bone Marrow.

Figure 3

QRT-PCR analysis of the expression of genes known to promote bone resorption; (A) Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα), (B) Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), (C) Interleukin-6 (IL-6), (D) Ratio of Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and individual graphs for (E) OPG, (F) RANKL and genes known to promote bone formation; (G) Osterix, (H) Collagen, type I, α1 (Col1α1) and (I) osteocalcin in cortical bone and (J) transforming growth factor (TGF)β in bone marrow from 14-week-old ovariectomized (ovx) mice treated with either vehicle (veh) or a mixture of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains (L. mix) during 6 weeks, starting two weeks before ovx or sham surgery to study the preventive effect of probiotic treatment on ovx-induced bone-loss. Values are given as mean±SEM, n = 9–10. ** p≤0.01, * p≤0.05 versus veh treatment, Student's t-test.