Table 1.

Summary of ethnobotanical uses versus measured biological activities of isolated secondary metabolites from; Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae and Bignoniaceae plant families

Plant family	Plant name	Use in traditional medicine	Part of plant studied	Active principle	Measured activity	Author and References
Alliaceae	Allium sativum	Treatment of malaria, seasoning food, cleansing of blood, prevention and fighting of common cold, boost testosterone levels, regulation of blood sugar levels and as an antiseptic	Bulb	1 and 2	Antiplasmodial activity	Adebayo et al. [45], Perez et al. [46], Coppi et al. [47]
Amaryllidaceae	Crinum glaucum	Used in the treatment of cough, asthma, and convulsions. The plant extracts have also exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antianaphylactic properties	Whole plant	3, 4 and 5	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition	Okpo and Adeyemi, [48] Houghton et al. [50]
	Crinum jagus	Treatment of all forms of convulsions and some infectious diseases	Whole plant	5, 6, 7 and 8	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, HIF-1α inhibition	Azikiwe et al. [49], Houghton et al. [50], Kim et al. [51]
Annonaceae	Enantia chlorantha	Treatment of malaria, jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, skin, gastric and duodenal ulcers, inflammation, and liver-related diseases and to make unpainted furniture and veneers	Stem bark	9 and 10	Antiplasmodial and antiviral activities	Adebayo et al. [45], Bhadra and Kumar [52], Bidla et al., [53], Jia et al. [54]
Apocynaceae	Picralima nitida	Treatment of malaria, diarrhea and as a painkiller	Stem bark, seed	11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17	Antiplasmodial activity, antipsychotic and anxiolytic properties and known potent μ-opioid agonists	Adebayo et al., [45], Ezeamuzie et al. [55], Okokon et al. [56], Elisabetsky and Costa-Campos [57]
Asteraceae	Struchium sparganophora	Treatment of malaria and measles, cutaneous, subcutaneous parasitic infection, rheumatic pains, diarrhea, dysentery as well as venereal diseases, as an abortifacient, and in the treatment of inflammatory and tumor-related ailments. Also used in the preparation of soup in the South Western part of Nigeria	Leaf	18, 19 and 20	Antimicrobial and antitumour activities	Kasim et al. [58], Kupchan et al. [59], Liobikas et al. [60], Gnoatto et al. [61]
Bignoniaceae	Spathodea campanulata	Extracts of bark, leaves and flowers are used to treat malaria, HIV, diabetes mellitus, oedema, dysentery, constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, skin diseases, wounds, fever, urethral inflammation, liver complaints and as a poison antidote	Stem bark	21	Antiplasmodial activity, cardioprotective and aromatase inhibitor	Adebayo et al. [45]
		Treatment of diseases (ulcers, dysentery, oedemas, skin eruptions, scabies, wound healing and urethral discharge) and veterinary application have been attributed to the plant in different cultures	Flowers, fruits, leaf and stem bark	22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27	Antioxidant activity	Elusiyan et al. [62], Picerno et al. [63]