Table 4.

Summary of ethnobotanical uses versus measured biological activities of isolated secondary metabolites from; Fabaceae, Ganodermataceae, Lamiaceae and Loranthaceae plant families

Plant family	Plant name	Use in traditional medicine	Part of plant studied	Active principle	Measured activity	Author and Reference
Fabaceae	Cajanus cajan	Cancer treatment, for the treatment diabetes and as an energy stimulant	Leaves	77–79	Cytotoxicity	Ashidi et al. [89]
Ganodermataceae (Fungus)	Ganoderma colossum	Mushrooms of this genus are known to possess anti-tumour, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic qualities	Whole fungus	80–82	Antimicrobial activity, activity against HIV-1 protease	Ofodile et al. [92], Paterson [93], El Din et al. [94]
Lamiaceae	Hyptis suaveolens	Treatment of respiratory tract infections, colds, pain, fever, cramps and skin diseases	Leaves	83	Antiplasmodial activity	Chukwujekwu et al. [95]
Leguminosae	Cassia alata	Treatment of skin diseases such as ringworm, eczema, pruritis, itching, scabies, ulcers and other related disease	Whole plant	84	Antibacterial activity	Okwu and Nnamdi [96]
	Berlina grandiflora	Treatment of gastrointestinal disorders	Whole plant	85	Anthelmitic activity	Enwerem et al. [97]
	Abrus precatorius	Treatment of malaria	Stem bark	86	Antiplasmodial activity	Muhammad et al. [98], Limmatvapirat et al. [99]
	Cassia siamea	Treatment of malaria. In Asia, stem bark is used as a mild, pleasant, safe purgative; to treat diabetes; a paste is used as a dressing for ringworm and chilblains; the roots are used as an antipyretic; and the leaves are used for the treatment of constipation, hypertension, and insomnia	Leaves	87–89	Antiplasmodial activity, vasodialator effect	Ajaiyeoba et al. [100], Morita et al. [101], Oshimi et al. [102]. Matsumoto et al. [91]
Loranthaceae	Loranthus micranthus	Treatment of diarrhea, epilepsy, hypertension and rheumatism	Leafy twigs	90–95	Antioxidant activity	Agbo et al. [103]
		Treatment of several diseases including immune-modifying diseases	Leaves	96 and 97	Immunostimulatory activity	Omeje et al. [104]