Table 5.

Summary of ethnobotanical uses versus measured biological activities of isolated secondary metabolites from; Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae plant families

Plant family	Plant name	Use in traditional medicine	Part of plant studied	Active principle	Measured activity	Author and Reference
Malvaceae	Sida acuta	Treatment of malaria, ulcer, fever, gonorrhea, abortion, breast cancer following inflammation, wound infections	Stem	98	Antiplasmodial activity	Obute [105], Bertani et al. [106], Banzouzi et al. [107], Karou et al. [108]
Meliaceae	Azadiracta indica	Treatment of malaria. It is also known for anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative properties	Leaves	99	Antiplasmodial activity	Isah et al. [115]
	Khaya grandifoliola	Treatment of malaria, as remedy against rheumatoid arthritis. Extracts also show anti-inflammatory and toxic effects	Bark, roots and seeds	99–104	Antiplasmodial and anticancer activities and Hsp90 inhibition	Agbenanusi et al. [116, 117], Bickii et al. [118], Kamath et al. [119], Brandt et al. [120]
Rubiaceae	Pavetta crassipes	Management of respiratory infections and abdominal disorders	Fresh plant	105	Antimicrobial activity	Bello et al. [121]
	Morinda lucida	Treatment of malaria, diabetes,	Leaves, stem bark	20	Antiplasmodial activity	Awe and Makinde [123], Cimanga et al. [124]
	Ixora coccinea	Treatment of a variety of infections; hypertension, menstrual irregularities, sprains, chronic ulcers and skin diseases	Leaves	93, 106–111	Antioxidant activities	Idowu et al. [122]
Rutaceae	Fagara zanthoxyloides	Treatment of malaria. The stem and the root of the plant are both used as chewing stick in Nigeria particularly among the Yoruba ethnic group in the South-Western part of the country	Root	112	Antiplasmodial activity	Odebiyi and Sofowora [125]
Simaroubaceae	Quassia amara	Treatment of malaria, as a digestive, treat fever, against hair parasites (lice, fleas), and Mosquito larvae in ponds (and do not harm the fishes). Extracts of Quassia wood or bark act as a natural insecticide	Leaves, stem	113	Antiplasmodial activity	Ajaiyeoba et al. [126]
	Quassia indica	Treatment of malaria, rheumatism, asthma, skin diseases and as an insecticide, especially against white ants	Leaves, stem	114–118	Antiplasmodial activity	Bertani et al. [127] Kitagawa et al. [128], Cachet et al. [129]
Zingiberaceae	Aframomum danielli	Used as traditional food spice, as an anti-inflammatory agent and also for crop protection	Seeds	119 and 120	Lipoxygenase inhibition	Odukoya et al. [130]