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Operant conditioning of spinal reflexes from 1978 to 2013. The work began with model development and progressed to mechanistic studies and then to clinical applications. These three phases have overlapped to a considerable degree and continue to do so. (SCI: spinal cord injury) (Wolpaw et al., 1983b; Wolpaw, 1987; Chen and Wolpaw, 1995; Carp et al., 2006a; Chen et al., 2006d; Thompson et al., 2009, 2013b).
