Table 1. Associations Between Selected HPA Axis SNPs, Stress Responsiveness, Brain, and Psychopathology.

Gene	SNP	Associations
CRHR1 17q12-q22	rs4792887	Minor allele: increased depression and suicidality among male suicide attempters exposed to low stress (2;31) Major allele: part of dose-dependent haplotype protective against MDD after CM (7)
	rs110402	Minor allele: more seasonal and earlier onset MDD (23); Dex/CRH cortisol in interaction with CM (27); part of haplotype predicting higher depressive symptomology after CM (10;14;24) Major allele: protective effect against depressive symptoms after CM (7;10;24); lower Dex/CRH cortisol response in men (10)
	rs242941	Minor allele: more prevalent among MDD patients than controls (19) Major allele: part of a haplotype associated with greater antidepressant treatment response in high anxiety MDD patients (17;18)
	rs242939	Minor allele: more prevalent among MDD patients than controls (19), increased depression and suicidality among male suicide attempters exposed to low stress (32) Major allele: part of a haplotype associated with greater antidepressant treatment response in high anxiety MDD patients (17;18)
	rs1876828	Major allele: part of a haplotype associated with greater antidepressant treatment response in high anxiety MDD patients (17;18)
NR3C2 4q31.1	rs5522a	Minor allele (MR I180V): increased salivary and plasma cortisol to TSST (8); increased prevalence of depressive symptomology among older adults (13), increased amygdala reactivity at low childhood adversity (6)
NRC31 5q31.3	rs41423247	Major allele homozygotes: increased cortisol response to TSST in women but decreased in men (12); increased anticipatory cortisol to TSST (11), increased risk of MDD episode (28)
	rs10482605	Major allele: increased in MDD patients compared to controls, potentially varying by ethnic population (29); part of a haplotype related to prevalence of childhood onset mood disorders (22)
	rs10052957	Minor allele homozygotes: higher evening and total cortisol across the day (25); increased in MDD patients; decreased hippocampal volume (35)
FKBP5 6p21.31	rs1360780	Minor allele: increased FKBP5 protein levels (3); reduced total diurnal cortisol secretion (30); altered cortisol response after DST (4;5;21), TSST (5), and SSP (20); increased incidence of depression (15;16); interacts with CM to predict depression (1;34), PTSD (3), and suicide (26); increased MDD recurrence and more rapid response to antidepressant treatment (5); increased amygdala reactivity in the context of elevated childhood adversity (33), increased threat-bias, increased threat-related hippocampal activity, and morphological changes in the hippocampus (9)

Numbers in parentheses refer to reference list in Supplementary Table S15.

CM=History of Childhood Maltreatment (emotional/physical abuse, trauma, or neglect).

DST=Dexamethasone Suppression Test; Dex/CRH=Dexamethasone/Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Test.

TSST=Trier Social Stress Test; SSP=Strange Situation Paradigm in Infants.

^ars5522 is an exonic, non-synonymous SNP, all other SNPs are intronic.