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. 2014 Mar 18;4:4399. doi: 10.1038/srep04399

Figure 1. Schematic of the charge transfer occurring during a collision between two different diameter sand particles which are covered by the water film.

Figure 1

Ri and Rj are the radius of sand particle i and j, ni and nj are the water film thickness of sand particle i and j (ni = nj in the simulation), and δ0(n) is the maximum distance that an electron can tunnel between two sand particles.