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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: Am Surg. 2011 Jul;77(7):922–928.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Surgical skin markers impaired contractile response in minimally manipulated human saphenous vein grafts. Saphenous veins from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass or peripheral vascular revascularization surgery were collected before any intraoperative preparation (n =4). Rings from each vein were either left untreated (control), or treated with one of two different surgical skin markers (SSM2 or SSM3), and suspended in a muscle bath. Rings were contracted with 110 mM KCl (A), or 10 −6 M phenylephrine (B), force was measured and converted to stress (105 N/m2). The error bars show standard error of the mean. *P < 0.003.