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. 2014 Mar;52(3):982–986. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03255-13

FIG 1.

FIG 1

Bacterial cell immobilization by electrokinetic concentration. (Left) Sample suspension flows in and then stops. (Right) Electric field forces bacterial cells to the positively charged poly-l-lysine (PLL) capture coating. PLL binds cells upon contact and immobilizes them after the electric field turns off. ITO, indium tin oxide.