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. 2014 Mar;88(5):2530–2543. doi: 10.1128/JVI.03235-13

FIG 7.

FIG 7

Enhancement of hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) cleavage by HBc ARD peptides. (A) Schematic diagrams of HHR and substrate 15bs RNAs. Only parts of the sequences of HHR and substrate 15bs are shown, and the arrow represents the cleavage point. (B) HBc ARD peptides promote hammerhead ribozyme cleavage. HHR RNA ribozyme and 15bs substrate RNA were incubated with various concentrations of HBc ARD peptides and analyzed as described in Materials and Methods. (C) Serine phosphorylation of HBc ARD peptides at lower concentrations attenuate the hammerhead RNA ribozyme cleavage activity yet increase the ribozyme activity at higher concentrations (above 120 nM). The cleavage activity of hammerhead ribozyme was calculated as the banding intensities of 44-nt and 13-nt cleaved substrates divided by the total intensities of 57-nt uncleaved substrates plus 44-nt and 13-nt cleaved substrates. (D) Hammerhead ribozyme cleavage activity using various phosphorylated ARD HBc 147-183 peptides.