FIG 1.

Vorinostat treatment potentiates VSV replication, induces expression of NF-κB-regulated genes, and suppresses interferon response. (A) PC3 cells were pretreated with MS-275 (2 μM) or vorinostat (Vor) (5 μM) for 24 h and then infected with VSV-GFP at an MOI of 0.01. Following infection, the culture medium was supplemented with either complete medium containing MS-275 or vorinostat (C [continuous treatment]) or complete medium alone (H [halted treatment]). VSV replication was assessed by fluorescence microscopy for GFP expression 24 h after VSV infection, and the fluorescence signal was calculated for corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) using ImageJ. *, P ≤ 0.05. (B and C) Heat maps showing differentially regulated genes belonging to the IFN signaling pathway (B) and activation of IRF by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (C). (D) Heat map showing differentially regulated genes that are targets of the NF-κB transcription factor. The genes in panels B and C were selected based on Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA) gene assignment.