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Principle of TCSPC. The time delay τ between the excitation pulse and single photon from emitter is converted by a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) to an output voltage signal. Then the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is used to resolve the signal from TAC into thousands of time channels and write into the corresponding address of memory. The histogram of occurrence of each time delay is constructed and the lifetime of the single molecule is achieved by fitting the decay curve.
