Table 1. Risk of type 2 diabetes by quintiles of plasma adiponectin and fetuin-A.
| Quintiles of biomarker | P Trend | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| EPIC-Potsdam * | ||||||
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| Median (μg/ml) | 3.83 | 6.23 | 8.13 | 9.96 | 13.4 | |
| Cases | 253 | 148 | 106 | 77 | 44 | |
| Relative Risk (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.20 | <0.0001 |
| (0.36, 0.66) | (0.27, 0.51) | (0.24, 0.48) | (0.13, 0.30) | |||
| Fetuin-A | ||||||
| Median (μg/ml) | 178 | 221 | 249 | 280 | 323 | |
| Cases | 102 | 100 | 124 | 137 | 165 | |
| Relative Risk (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.96 | 1.21 | 1.23 | 0.0085 |
| (0.47, 0.99) | (0.68, 1.37) | (0.86, 1.70) | (0.88, 1.72) | |||
| Nurses' Health Study # | ||||||
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| Median (μg/ml) | 4.59 | 6.53 | 8.62 | 11.2 | 16.0 | |
| Case/control | 245/94 | 83/94 | 78/94 | 39/94 | 25/94 | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.34 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.18 | |
| (0.23, 0.52) | (0.26, 0.61) | (0.14, 0.38) | (0.10, 0.32) | <0.0001 | ||
| Fetuin-A | ||||||
| Median (μg/ml) | 347 | 421 | 474 | 535 | 626 | |
| Case/control | 59/94 | 79/94 | 80/94 | 124/94 | 128/94 | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.16 | 1.49 | 2.06 | 2.05 | 0.0008 |
| (0.69, 1.93) | (0.89, 2.49) | (1.26, 3.36) | (1.24, 3.37) | |||
*Adiponectin and fetuin-A included simultaneously in the model; Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, education (in or no training, vocational training, technical school, or technical college or university degree), occupational activity (light, moderate, heavy), sport activity (0, 0.1–4.0, >4.0 h/week), cycling (0, 0.1–2.4, 2.5–4.9, ≥5.0 h/week), smoking (never, past, current <20 cigarettes/d, current > = 20 cigarettes/d), and alcohol intake (0, 0.1–5.0, 5.1–10.0, 10.1–20.0, 20.1–40.0, >40.0 g/d).
Adiponectin and fetuin-A included simultaneously in the model. In addition, multivariate model was adjusted for matching factors, including age at blood draw (yrs), race (white or not), fasting status (yes, no), and time of blood drawing, as well as body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), smoking status (current smoker, past smoker, non-smoker), physical activity (in tertiles), alcohol use (abstainer, <5.0 g/day, 5.0–14.9 g/day, ≥15.0 g/day), and education (registered nurse, bachelor, master and higher).