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. 2014 Mar 18;9(3):e92218. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092218

Table 3. Relationships between nightly warbler and sparrow nocturnal flight call (NFC) detections and average regional nightly atmospheric or ambient noise conditions estimated via generalized additive models.

Warblers Sparrows
Variablea Expected association Estimate (SE) t b P c Estimate (SE) t b P c
Wind profit + 1.13 (0.08) 14.99 <0.001 1.01 (0.09) 11.31 <0.001
Wind speed −0.91 (0.09) −10.24 <0.001 −1.37 (0.10) −13.57 <0.001
Rain −0.37 (0.09) −4.08 <0.001 −0.47 (0.10) −4.63 <0.001
Cloud cover + 0.40 (0.08) 4.77 <0.001 0.24 (0.09) 2.78 0.006
Visibility −0.19 (0.07) −2.66 0.008 0.00 (0.08) 0.03 0.97
Noise −0.16 (0.08) −2.11 0.035 −0.07 (0.08) −0.81 0.42
a

Input variables were centered and scaled; thus, exponentiation of parameter estimates provides the average change in NFC detections per standard deviation change of the input variable. Standard deviations of input variables: wind profit (1.91 m/s), wind speed (1.53 m/s), rain (22.57%), cloud cover (35.27%), visibility (1.70 mi), noise (8.28 dB).

b

603 residual degrees of freedom.

c

Although the expected associations are one-directional, we report P from the two-sided test to avoid missing large differences in the unexpected direction [72].