Table 2.
Results of multilevel modeling analyses evaluating change over time in clinical and self-report (behavioral and psychosocial) outcomes
| Baseline (N = 84) | Month 3 (N = 74) | Month 6 (N = 70) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) (min–max) |
Mean (SD) (min–max) |
Mean (SD) (min–max) |
P valuesa | |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| A1C (%) | 5.73 (0.31) (4.6–6.4) |
5.67 (0.36) (4.2–6.5) |
5.82 (0.36) (4.6–6.8) |
0.02 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 180.14 (39.68) (94–286) |
172.54 (35.01) (97–249) |
169.94 (34.09) (92–257) |
<0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 48.39 (11.96) (25–80) |
46.73 (11.44) (28–92) |
47.49 (10.63) (29–78) |
0.28 |
| LDL-C (mg/dl)b | 107.77 (30.78) (51–201) |
101.74 (26.41) (47–158) |
100.43 (26.94) (37–152) |
0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)c | 124.04 (71.76) (41–497) |
120.04 (70.99) (23–381) |
110.26 (53.66) (36–240) |
0.005 |
| SBP (mm Hg)d | 107.48 (11.09) (87.00–148.67) |
106.20 (11.23) (90.50–154.00) |
109.15 (10.34) (90.67–153.50) |
0.26 |
| DBP (mm Hg)d | 70.34 (8.24) (56.00–105.67) |
68.04 (9.07) (51.00–108.00) |
68.84 (8.72) (50.33–97.00) |
0.03 |
| BMI (weight in kilograms/height in square meters) | 29.09 (5.10) (19.02–48.69) |
29.08 (5.33) (17.87–50.13) |
29.28 (5.57) (17.77–51.77) |
0.21 |
| Weight (pounds) | 152.52 (31.57) (95.80–242.30) |
152.88 (32.11) (90.00–244.50) |
153.67 (32.45) (89.47–247.20) |
0.26 |
| Self-report outcomes | ||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P valuesa | |
| Aerobic activity (N (%))e | 44 (52 %) | 53 (71 %) | 48 (69 %) | 0.045 |
| Flexibility/strength (N (%))f | 15 (18 %) | 35 (47 %) | 28 (40 %) | <0.001 |
| Dietary fat (% total calories) | 33.91 (5.92) | 30.54 (5.27) | 30.57 (4.58) | <0.001 |
| Overall perceived health | 3.06 (1.01) | 3.18 (0.85) | 3.17 (0.88) | 0.15 |
| Fatalistic beliefs | 4.86 (3.76) | 3.86 (3.19) | 3.89 (2.96) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes-specific cultural beliefsg | 5.38 (2.32) | 3.82 (2.12) | 3.94 (2.33) | 0.01 |
HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure
a P values are from multilevel modeling analyses examining changes across time
bLDL at baseline, sample size reduced by N = 1 (triglyceride result was too high for an accurate LDL-C estimation)
cData was naturally log transformed due to skew for analyses; however, untransformed data are presented above
dBP at baseline, sample size reduced by N = 1 participant who did not complete entire clinical assessment
ePercentage who meet recommended criteria of 30+ min/day of moderate physical activities, 5+ days/week
fPercentage of participants who report engaging in any flexibility- and/or strength-training
gMean number of (erroneous) beliefs endorsed out of 10